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Denture bearing structures divide into 2 types:

1 anatomy of supporting structures

2 anatomy of peripheral / limiting structures

Limiting structures

1. Labial vestibule

2. Buccal vestibule

3. Distal extension

4. Lingual border

5. Retromolar fossa

6. Sublingual gland region

7. Alveololingual sulcus

ADVANTAGES:
Perhaps the most important advantage of immediate dentures is that you never need to appear in public without any teeth.
1. The form, size and arrangement of your natural teeth can more closely be duplicated when some teeth remain in your mouth.
2. When immediate dentures are inserted, they act as a bandage and help to reduce bleeding.
3. Immediate dentures protect the tissues at the sensitive extraction sites from irritation which might result from the tongue and food. This can mean less discomfort for you than with conventional denture construction.
4. Immediate dentures can enable you to establish your speech patterns more easily. You do not have to learn to speak without teeth and then relearn once dentures are made.
5. With immediate dentures you can chew better than you could without teeth during the normal waiting period for conventional dentures.
6. If dentures do not replace the natural teeth within a short time, the cheeks tend to fall in.
7. If you remain without teeth for some time, you may develop oral habits that will interfere with your ability to learn how to use dentures properly.

http://www.dental-design.com/immediate_dentures.htm

Disadvantage

Increased maintenance

A number of visit required after extraction of the teeth to allow for maintenance of the immediate dentures

-relining with soft or hard materials

-occlusal adjustment

-addition of a labial flange to an open face denture

If the denture is not properly maintained , extensive destruction of the denture-bearing tissues usually results.

Short service life

need replacement after 6-12 months adjustment above.

Inability to complete a comprehensive trial stage

As a trial stage is carried out while the remaining natural teeth are still present the try-in prothesis consists of a partial denture restoring the existing edentulous spaces only.

What is an immediate denture?
An immediate denture is a complete denture or partial denture inserted on the same day, immediately following the removal of natural teeth.

How long does it take to complete?

Immediate dentures (sometimes called temporary dentures) are actually made BEFORE the natural teeth are extracted.  The patient walks into the office with natural teeth, and walks out with false teeth.  The teeth are extracted, and a prefabricated denture is inserted directly over the bleeding sockets.  The patient is still numb from the extractions, and nothing hurts until he gets home.  Generally, most patients do not complain of much pain after their teeth are extracted and the immediate denture is inserted.  The denture acts like a band aid and reduces pain.

The construction of an immediate denture requires only one or two preliminary appointments before the insertion date, depending on how many natural teeth the patient has left.  They usually work out reasonably well.  When the patient leaves, he looks much better than when he walked into the office.  The bone that supported the original teeth is still intact, and the gum tissue is firm.  For the first week or so, the denture remains stable and reasonably retained.

There are many types of dentures: Look below

http://www.doctorspiller.com/denture_types.htm

Overdenture is build using implants but it can also from roots and post and core.

This alternative is explain here:

IMPLANTS have, in the last 15 to 20 years, paved the way to restoration of the edentulous and partially edentulous mouth. However, many patients cannot afford the time or money required to complete this treatment successfully. Making an Overdenture (OVD) using a simple ball-and-socket type of attachment for extra retention is a proven and easy alternative treatment to implants.
The Flexi-Overdenture® attachment is based on the patented split-shank Flexi-Post® for the highest retention of the post in the root and the fewest problems. The ball-and-socket attachment delivers high retention for full and partial dentures, providing a simple, inexpensive overdenture at chairside. The Flexi-Overdenture supports a nylon attachment that is incorporated into an overdenture . Alternatively, and for great ease of replacement, a threaded version of the nylon attachment can be threaded into an EZ-Change® metal receptacle (keeper) that in turn is incorporated into the denture. The post allows the dentist to utilize remaining roots to support the retention of a denture.

http://www.endomail.com/articles/asd25simple.html

The Open Prosthetics Project is producing useful innovations in the field of prosthetics and freely sharing the designs. This project is an open source collaboration between users, designers and funders with the goal of making our creations available for anyone to use and build upon. Our hope is to use this and our complementary sites to create a core group of “lead users,” and to speed up and amplify the impact of their innovations in the industry.

http://openprosthetics.org

In medicine, a prosthesis (plural prostheses) is an artificial extension that replaces a missing body part. It is part of the field of biomechatronics, the science of fusing mechanical devices with human muscle, skeleton, and nervous systems to assist or enhance motor control lost by trauma, disease, or defect. Prostheses are typically used to replace parts lost by injury (traumatic) or missing from birth (congenital) or to supplement defective body parts. Inside the body, artificial heart valves are in common use with artificial hearts and lungs seeing less common use but under active technology development. Other medical devices and aids that can be considered prosthetics include artificial eyes, palatal obturator, gastric bands, and dentures.

In Dentistry we have prothesis but it to replace all missing teeth complete denture or partial missing teeth partial denture.